Genotyping Characteristics of Human Fecal Escherichia coli and Their Association with Multidrug Resistance in Miyun District, Beijing / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genotyping characteristics of human fecal Escherichia coli( E. coli) and the relationships between antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and multidrug resistance (MDR) of E. coli in Miyun District, Beijing, an area with high incidence of infectious diarrheal cases but no related data.@*METHODS@#Over a period of 3 years, 94 E. coli strains were isolated from fecal samples collected from Miyun District Hospital, a surveillance hospital of the National Pathogen Identification Network. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the broth microdilution method. ARGs, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and polymorphism trees were analyzed using whole-genome sequencing data (WGS).@*RESULTS@#This study revealed that 68.09% of the isolates had MDR, prevalent and distributed in different clades, with a relatively high rate and low pathogenicity. There was no difference in MDR between the diarrheal (49/70) and healthy groups (15/24).@*CONCLUSION@#We developed a random forest (RF) prediction model of TEM.1 + baeR + mphA + mphB + QnrS1 + AAC.3-IId to identify MDR status, highlighting its potential for early resistance identification. The causes of MDR are likely mobile units transmitting the ARGs. In the future, we will continue to strengthen the monitoring of ARGs and MDR, and increase the number of strains to further verify the accuracy of the MDR markers.

Distribution characteristics of human papillomavirus infections and genotype identification in Wuchang region / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the infection and distribution characteristics of human papillomavirus(HPV)inWuchang district to obtain the epidemic profile and characteristics of HPV in this area.METHODS:Female patients withsexual life history were randomly selected from Wuchang Hospital in Wuhan from July 2013 to June 2018.The patient′scervical exfoliated cells were collected and tested for HPV infection and genotyping.The infection rates of each type ofHPV were calculated and the differences in HPV infections in different age groups were compared.RESULTS:The HPVinfections rate was 18.8%.Among them,high-risk type accounted for 74.9%,significantly higher than low-risk type,accounting for 15.2%.Young women under 30 years old had the highest high-risk and low-risk infection rate(25.8%,21.0%)respectively.HPV 16(20.0%),HPV18(18.0%),and HPV52(14.0%)were top three genotypes among the high-risk types,and HPV11(33.0%),HPV6(32.0%)and HPV CP8304(26.0%)were top three genotypes among the low-risktypes.Among the positive patients,the infection rate of single and double genotype was 76.2% and 18.0%,and somepatients even had five infections.Most of the genotypes could be detected in multiple infected samples except HPV43.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of HPV in women with sexual life history in Wuchang region is 18.8% and it is mainlyhigh-risk infection.The main genotypes are HPV16,HPV18 and HPV52.The high risk population is the young womenunder 30 years old.It is of great clinical significance to strengthen HPV screening and enhance women′s self-testawareness in this region.

Application of zebra fishes in studies on traditional Chinese medicines / 中国中药杂志

The zebra fish model, as an integral animal model, features small volume, high throughput, low cost, short cycle and reliable experimental results, thus has been widely used in medical studies. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) constitute a complex system, their active ingredients and action mechanisms are among study hotspots in during the development of modern TCMs. Along with the constant improvement of advanced technologies and methods, zebra fishes have been increasingly applied in studies on TCMs and shown advantages in active screening, and toxicity and metabolism studies. In this paper, TCM studies by using zebra fishes in recent years are summarized to provide new ideas and methods for basic studies on TCMs.

Lyme Borreliosis-associated Risk Factors in Residents of Beijing Suburbs: a Preliminary Case-control Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

A population-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relative factors in the environments, agricultural works, outdoor activities, and the effectiveness of Lyme borreliosis (LB)- associated personal protective measures in Beijing. Thirty-four cases and 272 controls were personally interviewed by well-trained interviewers. Venous blood samples were taken from each subject. Sowing or harvesting in summer (OR=2.571, 95% CI: 1.109-5.962), living in house with weeding in the yard (OR=2.247, 95% CI: 1.062-4.755), and residence at the plain area (OR=2.630, 95% CI: 1.050-6.588) were the independent relative factors for seropositive LB. Wearing long pants and clothes with cuffs was the only protective behavior against tick bite (OR=0.186, 95% CI: 0.041-0.846). The findings showed that local farmers were easily infected with LB and almost no protective measure was taken against LB infection. Infection with LB was easier in residents of plain regions. Pets raising and outdoor activities were not the risk factors for infection with LB. Further studies are needed to fully understand the risk of infection with LB in China.

Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Gansu province of China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) and Beijing family typing based on detecting the deletion of RD105 sequence are two common genotyping methods used to study the molecular epidemiologic characteristics of Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis. We collected 218 strains of M. tuberculosis between 2004 and 2006 in the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu province in Northwest China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MIRU-VNTR analysis and Beijing family typing based on detecting the deletion of RD105 sequence were used to type the 218 strains, and their typing power was evaluated to look for practical and efficient genotyping methods suitable for the region.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The MIRU typing yielded 115 distinct genotypes, including 98 unique isolates and 17 different clusters containing 120 isolates (55.05%); the cluster rate was 47.25%. By detecting the deletion of RD105 sequence, 188 of 218 (86.23%) isolates belonged to Beijing family. Combination of Beijing family typing and MIRU typing yielded 118 distinct patterns, including 101 unique isolates and 17 clusters containing 117 isolates (54.13%). The largest cluster contained 58 strains with MIRU genotype of 223325173533 which contained 50 strains belonging to Beijing family and 8 strains belonging to non-Beijing family.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The Beijing family strains occupied a large proportion and the Beijing family MIRU genotype 223325173533 is a dominant strain in Linxia of Gansu. Combining detecting the deletion of RD105 and MIRU typing together provides a simple, fast, and effective method which is low in cost and might be practical and suitable for M. tuberculosis genotyping in China.</p>

The significance of different sample types in study of pandemic A (H1N1) influenza diagnosis / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the value of different types of samples, including throat swabs, stools, bloods in pandemic A (H1N1) influenza diagnosis and virus shedding patterns.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May to June in 2009, 135 samples were collected from 23 confirmed cases of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection, including 99 throat swabs, 14 stools, 11 bloods, 1 respiratory tract washing from 13 confirmed cases and 10 blood samples from other confirmed cases. The virus was detected by real-time RT-PCR, the antibody was detected by haemagglutination inhibition assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For 99 throat swabs of 13 patients, the median time of the first positive real-time RT-PCR was 1 day (ranged from 0 to 7 days) after the onset of the symptoms of illness; the median length of time duration of positive real-time RT-PCR results from throat swabs was 3 days (ranged from 1 to 15 days). Four cases intermittently released virus. One respiratory tract washing sample was positive. In 14 stools, 8 stools were real-time RT-PCR positive, the positive rate was 57.14%. The median time of the positive real-time RT-PCR was 3 days (ranged from 1 to 4 days) after the onset of the symptoms of illness. In 21 blood samples collected at 2 to 9 days of onset, 1 blood sample was real-time RT-PCR positive, the positive rate was 4.76%. All these 21 blood samples were antibody negative.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Throat swabs and stools samples can be used as A (H1N1) influenza early diagnosis. The length of time duration of positive real-time RT-PCR in throat swabs was longer than stool samples and intermittently releasing of virus were found in throat swabs. Influenza A H1N1 cases showed the presence of small amount of viremia and antibody was negative in early blood samples (< 9 days).</p>

A survey on serological epidemiology of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the immunological level against influenza A (H1N1)2009 in Beijing and provide evidence to evaluate the developing trend of the disease. Methods Between Nov. 27,2009 and Dec. 23,2009, subjects were randomly selected from patients in hospitals (infectious and respiratory diseases related departments were excluded) ,volunteers in blood donation center and healthy subjects attending the physical examination center. Questionnaire survey was conducted and serum samples were collected to detect the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody against influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus. Results 856 subjects participated in this survey, and 127 showed positive HI antibody to this pandemic virus. The proportions of sero-positivity among 0-5 ,was no significant difference in the sero-positivity between males and females (P=0.693). The analysis, factors as age, acute respiratory symptoms and the rate of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccination were significantly associated with sero-positivity of HI antibody to the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus. Conclusion Above 15% of the population in Beijing showed protective antibody against influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus, indicating the development of immunological barrier to this disease had been formed, to some extent.

Etiological characteristics of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the results of detection on influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in Beijing from May 2009 to December 2009 and to understand the epidemiologic characteristics during the pandemic period. Methods The study was conducted from the May 1 to December 27,2009. A total of 101 852 throat swab samples were detected with the real-time RT-PCR assay by the Beijing Network Laboratory. Data was statistically analyzed. Results 9843 samples showed influenza A (H1N1) 2009 positive, with an overall positive rate as 9.66%. In terms of the positive rates, they were 2.85% from May to June, 3.32% from July to August and 8.35% from September to October. The peak month fell in November (29.67%) and December (24.33%). The positive rates among the following subpopulations were: 8.40% among the suspected cases, 4.75% among close contact cases, 11.46% among the influenza-like illness cases and 7.33% among the cluster cases with fever. Positive cases mainly fell in age groups 5-14 and 15-24. The ratio of male to female was 1.5:1.Conclusion During the pandemic period of influenza A (H1N1) 2009, positive cases gradually increased during May to November but slowly decreasing in December.

Clinical observation of Yinzhihuang Oral Liquid on prevention of the premature infantile jaundice / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical efficacy of Yinzhihuang Oral Liquid (YOL) to prevent the premature infantile jaundice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After excluded hemolytic, suffocation, infection, and the very low birth weight, 242 cases of premature infants were randomly assigned to two groups, the treatment group and the control group. Both groups were taken conventional procedures, such as warmth, feeding, and blood glucose monitoring, and the treated group was administered YOL 5 mL each time, twice daily additionally, and the control group without any treatment. The percutaneous bilirubin and blood cells were observed every day.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared the two groups, the jaundice indices were more significantly different at 24-48 h, 48-72 h, and more than 72 h (P<0.05), but not statistically different at 0-24 h (P>0.05). Hemoglobin, reticulocyte, platelets, and leucocyte were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>YOL as an early intervention has positive significance to decrease the incidence of pathological jaundice in the premature infants, and no significant impact on the blood cells.</p>

Effects of Using Topiramate Combined with Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine to Treat Tourette's Syndrome in Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

0.05].After 12 week treatment,the YGTSS total score in study group was significantly lower [(27.88?14.24) vs(36.53?17.45) scores] and the reduction rate of YGTSS score was significantly higher [(43.12?18.42)% vs(33.49?14.38)%] compared with those in control group(Pa

Influence of Gestational Impaired Glucose Tolerance of Pregnancies on Umbilical Adiponectin Level of Newborns / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of umbilical adiponectin(APN) levels in newborn whose mothers with gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT).Methods Eighteen neonates of GIGT pregnancies and 50 controls of normal glucose tolerance (NGT) pregnancies were studied.APN concentration was qualified in the umbilical vein serum with radioimmunoassay methods.Capillary blood glucose was measured at the first hour after delivery.Results Umbilical APN level in the GIGT group was significantly higher than that in NGT group [(61.06?16.85)mg/L vs(48.04?15.47)mg/L,t=2.38 P0.05).Conclusions Umbilical serum APN levels are elevated in newborns of GIGT mo-thers.This may be due to the dysregulation of serum APN levels associate with GIGT pregnancy.More attention shall be paid to the metabolic changes of GIGT mothers and their offspring.

Test of the Chinese Version of Multidimensional Students′ Life Satisfaction Scale / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To construct a Chinese Version of MSLSS(Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfac- tion Scale)and test its reliability and validity.Methods:A total of 793 Chinese middle school students completed the MSLSS.Results:In the analysis of Chinese version of MSLSS,the cronbach's a coefficient was 0.90 and the test-retest reliability was 0.86.The correlative coefficients between the total and factors ranged from 0.71 to 0.80,and from 0.36 to 0.57 between different factors.The standardized loading coefficients of items to factors were from 0.35 to 0.89.The standardized loading coefficients of five latent variables to the previous latent variables were from 0.55 to 0.74.All the indexes of confirmatory factor analysis including x~2,x~2/df,NFI,CFI,TLI,RMSEA met the requirement of psychological measurement.Conclusion:The Chinese version of MSLSS can be used to evaluate Chinese middle school students' life satisfaction.